{"id":1503,"date":"2024-09-11T15:02:34","date_gmt":"2024-09-11T13:02:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/?p=1503"},"modified":"2025-06-04T18:25:16","modified_gmt":"2025-06-04T16:25:16","slug":"uvod-k-integralni-bezpecnosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/ca\/uvod-k-integralni-bezpecnosti\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00davod k Integr\u00e1ln\u00ed Bezpe\u010dnosti"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1503\" class=\"elementor elementor-1503\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a1a877 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a1a877\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e66d3ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e66d3ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00davod k Integr\u00e1ln\u00ed Bezpe\u010dnosti<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-328f79b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"328f79b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u0159edmluva k elektronick\u00e9mu p\u0159episu diserta\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce k t\u00e9matu\nIntegr\u00e1ln\u00ed Bezpe\u010dnost<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38e2666 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"38e2666\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u010cl\u00e1nky k integr\u00e1ln\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti jsou p\u0159episem diserta\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce Ing. Tom\u00e1\u0161 Kertis v n\u00e1zvem \u201cPosouzen\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti vybran\u00e9ho kritick\u00e9ho objektu z pohledu integr\u00e1ln\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti a n\u00e1vrh na sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed kriti\u010dnosti objektu\u201d obh\u00e1jen\u00e9 dne 31.10.2021 na Fakult\u011b dopravn\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9ho Vysok\u00e9ho U\u010den\u00ed Technick\u00e9ho v Praze. Cel\u00e9 neupraven\u00e9 zn\u011bn\u00ed diserta\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce na t\u00e9ma integr\u00e1ln\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost je ke sta\u017een\u00ed na st\u00e1nk\u00e1ch \u010cVUT\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dspace.cvut.cz\/bitstream\/handle\/10467\/98516\/F6-D-2021-Kertis-Tomas.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">F6-D-2021-Kertis-Tomas.pdf (cvut.cz)<\/a>.<\/p><p>P\u0159epis obsahuje z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti origin\u00e1ln\u00ed text, s origin\u00e1ln\u00edmi odkazy do literatury, ale tak\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt m\u00edrn\u011b poupraven dle aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed znalosti ve dne p\u0159episu, \u010di dopln\u011bn o pozn\u00e1mky. \u00dapravy a pozn\u00e1mky budou v textu \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b ozna\u010deny.<\/p><p>Texty diserta\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce budou postupn\u011b publikov\u00e1ny podle kapitol v sekce\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/\">Integr\u00e1ln\u00ed Bezpe\u010dnost \u2013 KINT S.r.o.<\/a>\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u011bd\u011b pro dal\u0161\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed tak\u00e9 ve\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/veda-vyzkum\/\">V\u011bda A V\u00fdzkum \u2013 KINT S.r.o.<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f4f31f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0f4f31f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"750\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/d18673f4-metro-praha-750x350-1.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1504\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/d18673f4-metro-praha-750x350-1.webp 750w, https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/d18673f4-metro-praha-750x350-1-300x140.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-517bc34 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"517bc34\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u017divoty a zdrav\u00ed lid\u00ed, jejich majetek a blaho, \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed a tak\u00e9 technologie a kritick\u00e1 infrastruktura jsou z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi ve\u0159ejn\u00fdmi aktivy lidsk\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd je modelem sv\u011bta, ve kter\u00e9m \u017eijeme\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[1,2]<\/a>. Kritick\u00e1 infrastruktura je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm aktivem, proto\u017ee zaji\u0161\u0165uje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed v\u00fdrobky a slu\u017eby pro lidi. Proto v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b kritick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i v\u00fdskytu velk\u00fdch \u017eiveln\u00edch, technologick\u00fdch a jin\u00fdch pohrom, je t\u0159eba, aby prvky kritick\u00e9 infrastruktury bezpe\u010dn\u011b plnily sv\u00e9 \u00fakoly.<\/p><p>P\u0159edm\u011btn\u00fd \u00fakol je dnes slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a obt\u00ed\u017en\u00fd, proto\u017ee doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edmu zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed nov\u00fdch neozkou\u0161en\u00fdch technologi\u00ed a jejich propojov\u00e1n\u00ed. Propojov\u00e1n\u00edm syst\u00e9m\u016f vznikaj\u00ed tzv. slo\u017eit\u00e9 (komplexn\u00ed) syst\u00e9my a nov\u00e9 funkce, kter\u00e9 by za norm\u00e1ln\u00edch okolnost\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch nepropojen\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f nevznikly, proto se jedn\u00e1 o takzvan\u00fd syst\u00e9m syst\u00e9m\u016f. Za pomoci \u017e\u00e1dan\u00fdch vazeb vytvo\u0159en\u00fdch podle norem maj\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011btn\u00e9 komplexn\u00ed syst\u00e9my syst\u00e9m\u016f vysokou spolehlivost za norm\u00e1ln\u00edch provozn\u00edch podm\u00ednek, tj. podm\u00ednek, kter\u00e9 jsou zva\u017eov\u00e1ny v projektu. Pomoc\u00ed provozn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f jsou zvl\u00e1dnut\u00e9 v\u00fdchylky, kter\u00e9 nast\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159i abnorm\u00e1ln\u00edch provozn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch.<\/p><p>Probl\u00e9my nast\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159i kritick\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch, kdy se \u010dasto vyskytuj\u00ed ne\u017e\u00e1dan\u00e9 a ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed vazby, kter\u00e9 vedou k\u00a0selh\u00e1n\u00ed kritick\u00fdch aktiv, a t\u00edm ohro\u017euj\u00ed cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m i jeho okol\u00ed. Proto je t\u0159eba hledat kritick\u00e1 aktiva syst\u00e9mu, hodnotit jejich kriti\u010dnosti a zaji\u0161\u0165ovat jejich provozuschopnost i za nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdch podm\u00ednek. Hodnocen\u00ed kriti\u010dnosti aktiv umo\u017e\u0148uje identifikovat a \u0159\u00eddit v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 rizika, analyzovat zranitelnosti syst\u00e9mu a navrhovat opat\u0159en\u00ed pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed jeho bezpe\u010dnosti\u00a0<em>(integr\u00e1ln\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost)<\/em>.<\/p><p>P\u0159i \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti kritick\u00e9 infrastruktury je nezbytn\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edtat s\u00a0aktivy a vazbami, kter\u00e9 za ur\u010dit\u00fdch podm\u00ednek mohou v\u00e9st k selh\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu. Tzn. je nutn\u00e9 je zahrnout do anal\u00fdzy aktiv a jejich kriti\u010dnost\u00ed a definovat pravidla pro pr\u00e1ci s\u00a0nimi\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[3]<\/a>. Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 znalosti, metody a n\u00e1stroje umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti\u00a0<em>(integr\u00e1ln\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost)<\/em>\u00a0infrastruktur na jist\u00e9 \u00farovni, ale z d\u016fvodu neust\u00e1l\u00e9ho rozv\u00edjen\u00ed technologi\u00ed, n\u00e1rok\u016f na rozhran\u00ed mezi syst\u00e9my i operuj\u00edc\u00edmi subjekty se st\u00e1le ukazuje, \u017ee existuj\u00ed nezaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1 m\u00edsta.<\/p><p>Oblast bezpe\u010dnosti a zabezpe\u010den\u00ed kritick\u00e9 infrastruktury kv\u016fli slo\u017eitosti kritick\u00e9 infrastruktury se vyzna\u010duje prac\u00ed s mnoha m\u011bkk\u00fdmi faktory, objekty a subjekty v r\u00e1mci syst\u00e9mu syst\u00e9m\u016f (d\u00e1le jen\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/zkratky\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">SoS<\/a>). Z d\u016fvodu rozsahu a slo\u017eitosti mnoha vnit\u0159n\u00edch propojen\u00ed ve studovan\u00e9m objektu lze syst\u00e9m analyzovat pouze expertn\u00edmi a heuristick\u00fdmi metodami. Existuje mnoho metod a n\u00e1stroj\u016f syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy a in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed, ale neexistuje formalizovan\u00fd metodick\u00fd postup pro stanoven\u00ed kriti\u010dnosti jednotliv\u00fdch prvk\u016f (aktiv) kritick\u00e9 infrastruktury, m\u00edry bezpe\u010dnosti a n\u00e1vrh opat\u0159en\u00ed pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti. Proto jsem se na problematiku bezpe\u010dnosti kritick\u00e9 infrastruktury zam\u011b\u0159il ve sv\u00e9m doktorsk\u00e9m studiu.<\/p><p>Doktorsk\u00e9 studium v oboru In\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00e1 informatika v doprav\u011b a spoj\u00edch na \u00dastavu bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch technologi\u00ed a in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed jsem nav\u00e1zal na svoj\u00ed Diplomovou pr\u00e1ci zam\u011b\u0159enou na pl\u00e1n bezpe\u010dnosti modelov\u00e9 stanice metra\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[4]<\/a>. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci doktorsk\u00e9ho studia jsem provedl v\u00fdzkum bezpe\u010dnosti provozu pra\u017esk\u00e9ho metra s p\u0159\u00edpadov\u00fdmi studiemi ve spolupr\u00e1ci s Dopravn\u00edm podnikem hlavn\u00edho M\u011bsta Prahy\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[5]<\/a>. C\u00edlem bylo naj\u00edt a ov\u011b\u0159it vhodn\u00fd metodick\u00fd postup, navrhnout metodu pro anal\u00fdzu a stanoven\u00ed kriti\u010dnost\u00ed aktiv, d\u00e1le pak ov\u011b\u0159it postupy na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpadu, tj. zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho provozu metra jako prvku kritick\u00e9 infrastruktury.<\/p><p>V\u00fdsledky pr\u00e1ce, a to jak definovan\u00e9 metody \u010di konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpadov\u00e9 studie a ud\u00e1losti, byly pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b prezentovan\u00e9 na \u0159ad\u011b \u010desk\u00fdch i mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch konferenc\u00ed a tak\u00e9 zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9 v \u0159ad\u011b odborn\u00fdch recenzovan\u00fdch i impaktovan\u00fdch publikac\u00ed.<\/p><p>P\u0159edlo\u017een\u00e1 diserta\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje ve sv\u00e9 prvn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti re\u0161er\u0161i zam\u011b\u0159enou na nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed metody v oblast \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti a stav in\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00e9 praxe a techniky. V dal\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti zav\u00e1d\u00ed metodologii pro identifikaci a anal\u00fdzu aktiv objektu kritick\u00e9 infrastruktury, stanoven\u00ed jejich kriti\u010dnost\u00ed a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed pro anal\u00fdzu prim\u00e1rn\u00edch rizik, hled\u00e1n\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f dopad\u016f r\u016fzn\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed a t\u00edm umo\u017en\u011bn\u00ed jejich zvl\u00e1dnut\u00ed, respektive jejich \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Krom\u011b heuristick\u00fdch metod tak\u00e9 aplikuje teorii citlivosti a teorii graf\u016f. V\u00a0posledn\u00edch dvou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed pak uv\u00e1d\u00ed v\u00fdsledky v\u00fdzkumu bezpe\u010dnosti provozu pra\u017esk\u00e9ho metra, jejich diskusi, vyhodnocen\u00ed a n\u00e1vrhy opat\u0159en\u00ed na zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti provozu metra.<\/p><p>V\u00fdsledky diserta\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce lze aplikovat na dal\u0161\u00ed podobn\u00e9 slo\u017eit\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, u kter\u00fdch je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed identifikovat a \u0159\u00eddit slab\u00e1 m\u00edsta, p\u0159i kter\u00fdch je t\u0159eba zva\u017eovat zranitelnost a d\u016fle\u017eitost jejich aktiv, kriti\u010dnost a bezpe\u010dnost. Oblasti aplikovatelnosti v\u00fdsledk\u016f diserta\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce jsou kritick\u00e9 infrastruktury, prvky kritick\u00e9 infrastruktury, \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed kritick\u00fdch aktiv a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti v \u00fazem\u00ed \u010di slo\u017eit\u00fdch technologick\u00fdch celk\u016f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-047c94c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"047c94c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">1.1      C\u00edle a rozsah v\u011bdeck\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1431672 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1431672\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><em>T\u00e9matem pr\u00e1ce<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0je posouzen\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti vybran\u00e9ho kritick\u00e9ho objektu z pohledu integr\u00e1ln\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti a n\u00e1vrh na sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed kriti\u010dnosti objektu, tj. zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed jeho bezpe\u010dnosti. Vybran\u00fdm kritick\u00fdm objektem je metro v\u00a0Praze.<\/p><p><strong><em>Hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem pr\u00e1ce<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0je zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti metra aplikac\u00ed metod pro identifikaci a pr\u00e1ci s\u00a0aktivy, jejich kriti\u010dnostmi a riziky tak, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 zajistit celkovou (integr\u00e1ln\u00ed) bezpe\u010dnost metra na z\u00e1klad\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed znalost\u00ed o probl\u00e9mech a zranitelnostech aktiv, a to v\u00a0oblasti techniky, v oblasti kybernetick\u00e9, kde jde o zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00edho v\u00fdkonu syst\u00e9mu, a dal\u0161\u00edch oblastech \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro bezpe\u010dn\u00fd provoz.<\/p><p><strong><em>D\u00edl\u010d\u00ed c\u00edle diserta\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce jsou:<\/em><\/strong><\/p><ul><li>zv\u00fd\u0161it znalost o probl\u00e9mech, rizic\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f a jejich zvl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed,<\/li><li>data o sledovan\u00e9m probl\u00e9mu, tj. data o provozu pra\u017esk\u00e9ho metra,<\/li><li>stanovit metodick\u00fd postup, popsat metody a n\u00e1stroje pro pr\u00e1ci s\u00a0aktivy,<\/li><li>identifikovat a ur\u010dit kriti\u010dnosti aktiv pro bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed provozu pra\u017esk\u00e9ho metra,<\/li><li>vhodn\u011b interpretovat a vyhodnotit v\u00fdsledky pro dal\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ci s aktivy,<\/li><li>transformovat v\u00fdsledky do graf\u016f s\u00a0c\u00edlem naj\u00edt slab\u00e1 m\u00edsta provozu metra z\u00a0hlediska bezpe\u010dnosti\u00a0<em>(integr\u00e1ln\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost)<\/em>,<\/li><li>analyzovat a vyhodnotit vybran\u00fd sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 dopad\u016f na pohromy,<\/li><li>navrhnout opat\u0159en\u00ed pro sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed kriti\u010dnost\u00ed aktiv metra a t\u00edm sn\u00ed\u017eit jeho celkovou kriti\u010dnost a zv\u00fd\u0161it jeho bezpe\u010dnost\u00a0<em>(integr\u00e1ln\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost)<\/em>.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c8ee250 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c8ee250\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c36b83 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8c36b83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">1.2      Formulace v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho probl\u00e9mu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3095bc8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3095bc8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>P\u0159edlo\u017een\u00e1 diserta\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce je zam\u011b\u0159ena na studium slo\u017eit\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f typu\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/zkratky\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">SoS\u00a0<\/a>(syst\u00e9m syst\u00e9m\u016f) v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b a na zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed jejich bezpe\u010dnosti\u00a0<em>(integr\u00e1ln\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost)<\/em>. Z d\u016fvodu slo\u017eitosti syst\u00e9m\u016f je t\u0159eba zohled\u0148ovat kriti\u010dnost aktiv v z\u00e1vislosti na r\u016fzn\u00fdch zdroj\u00edch rizik v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b p\u0159i realizaci nadprojektov\u00fdch jev\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou p\u016fvodci rizik, doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke kritick\u00fdm situac\u00edm, kter\u00e9 jsou zp\u016fsobeny vznikem ne\u017e\u00e1dan\u00fdch propojen\u00ed v slo\u017eit\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu, tj. vznikaj\u00ed neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e1 propojen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 vedou k selh\u00e1n\u00ed, a \u010dasto k cel\u00fdm kask\u00e1d\u00e1m selh\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[6]<\/a>. T\u00edm vznikaj\u00ed dopravn\u00ed nehody, jejich\u017e d\u016fsledkem jsou ztr\u00e1ty na lidsk\u00fdch \u017eivotech, \u0161kody na majetku ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m i dopravce a na \u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p><p>Vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti (angl. Interdependences), a to \u017e\u00e1dan\u00e9 i ne\u017e\u00e1dan\u00e9, maj\u00ed povahu fyzickou, logickou, kybernetickou a m\u00edstn\u00ed<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a0[6]<\/a>, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee problematika je velmi \u0161irok\u00e1. P\u0159i zv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed povahy\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/zkratky\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">SoS\u00a0<\/a>(tj. socio-kyber-fyzick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu), kter\u00fdm je i pra\u017esk\u00e9 metro, lze nav\u00edc konstatovat, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o m\u011bkk\u00fd syst\u00e9m, kde vznik\u00e1 mnoho probl\u00e9m\u016f p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z nedostate\u010dn\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, tj. managementu, na r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u00farovn\u00edch a v r\u016fzn\u00fdch souvislostech mezi technikou, informa\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem a lidsk\u00fdm faktorem.<\/p><p>P\u0159i zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch jist\u00fdch podm\u00ednek technick\u00e9ho d\u00edla, resp. \u0159e\u0161en\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, lze n\u011bkter\u00e9 situace \u0159e\u0161it exaktn\u00edmi metodami, av\u0161ak bezpe\u010dnost\u00a0<em>(integr\u00e1ln\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost<\/em>) zasahuje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm do oblasti mimo uveden\u00e9 limity a podm\u00ednky syst\u00e9m\u016f, tj. nadprojektov\u00e9 jevy. Za uveden\u00fdch podm\u00ednek, a kv\u016fli anizotropi\u00edm a nehomogenit\u00e1m v syst\u00e9mu i jeho okol\u00ed, vznikaj\u00ed v\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/zkratky\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">SoS\u00a0<\/a>propojen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 nebyla zva\u017eov\u00e1na v\u00a0projektu\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[6]<\/a>. Proto u velmi komplexn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f s velk\u00fdm po\u010dtem zn\u00e1m\u00fdch i nezn\u00e1m\u00fdch stav\u016f, nelze za uveden\u00fdch podm\u00ednek s ur\u010ditost\u00ed predikovat jejich chov\u00e1n\u00ed, tj. vznikaj\u00ed tzv. emergentn\u00ed jevy (jevy, kter\u00e9 vznikaj\u00ed spont\u00e1nn\u011b a nelze je jednodu\u0161e odvodit z vlastnost\u00ed prvk\u016f syst\u00e9mu a jejich vazeb).<\/p><p>P\u0159edlo\u017een\u00e1 diserta\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce, vzhledem k v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9mu rozsahu a slo\u017eitostem, proto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 metody multikriteri\u00e1ln\u00ed a heuristick\u00e9 a zam\u011b\u0159uje se pouze na vybran\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti probl\u00e9m\u016f v \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti\u00a0<em>(integr\u00e1ln\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost)<\/em>\u00a0\u0159e\u0161en\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. Pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed uveden\u00e9ho probl\u00e9mu pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 postup uveden\u00fd n\u00ed\u017ee.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad313ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ad313ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">1.3      Metodika zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed diserta\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3b8cf7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d3b8cf7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>K dosa\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f pr\u00e1ce byl pou\u017eit n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed postup:<\/p><ol type=\"1\"><li>V\u00fdb\u011br a n\u00e1vrh metod a n\u00e1stroj\u016f pro:<\/li><li>pro sb\u011br dat \u2013 identifikaci aktiv, zranitelnost\u00ed (v\u00fdb\u011br),<\/li><li>pro pr\u00e1ci s daty \u2013 stanoven\u00ed kriti\u010dnost\u00ed a jejich interpretace (v\u00fdb\u011br),<\/li><li>pro transformaci matic citlivost\u00ed (zranitelnost\u00ed) do grafu (n\u00e1vrh),<\/li><li>tvorbu sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f dopad\u016f (n\u00e1vrh).<\/li><li>Identifikace aktiv objektu kritick\u00e9 infrastruktury (provozu pra\u017esk\u00e9ho metra).<\/li><li>Ur\u010den\u00ed zranitelnost\u00ed a kriti\u010dnost\u00ed aktiv.<\/li><li>Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed re\u00e1ln\u00e9ho stavu zabezpe\u010den\u00ed syst\u00e9mu v\u016f\u010di specifick\u00fdm a kritick\u00fdm pohrom\u00e1m.<\/li><li>Interpretace v\u00fdsledk\u016f pomoc\u00ed matic citlivost\u00ed.<\/li><li>Transformace matic do grafu.<\/li><li>Modelov\u00e1n\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f dopad\u016f na vybranou kritickou pohromu.<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcfb5ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bcfb5ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">1.4      O\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fd p\u0159\u00ednos diserta\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08c40e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"08c40e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Diserta\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 aplikac\u00ed pokrokov\u00fdch metod, n\u00e1stroj\u016f a\u00a0recentn\u00edch znalost\u00ed ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed integr\u00e1ln\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti syst\u00e9mu, jak po\u017eaduje koncept\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/zkratky\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">OSN\u00a0<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[9]<\/a>. V\u00fdsledky pr\u00e1ce, tj. n\u00e1vrh opat\u0159en\u00ed na celkov\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti provozu pra\u017esk\u00e9ho metra byly p\u0159ed\u00e1ny Dopravn\u00edmu podniku hl. M\u011bsta Prahy pro implementaci v\u00a0praxi\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[7]<\/a>.<\/p><p>Pr\u00e1ce uv\u00e1d\u00ed \u0159adu otev\u0159en\u00fdch neo\u0161et\u0159en\u00fdch zranitelnost\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e otev\u00edr\u00e1 mo\u017enost nov\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdm projekt\u016fm. Navr\u017een\u00e9 metody a n\u00e1stroje diserta\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce lze d\u00e1le rozv\u00edjet a podpo\u0159it vhodn\u00fdmi softwarov\u00fdmi n\u00e1stroji, \u010d\u00edm\u017e je otev\u0159ena mo\u017enost dal\u0161\u00edm projekt\u016fm v r\u00e1mci v\u00fdvoje a inovac\u00ed. P\u0159\u00ednosem pr\u00e1ce je souhrn poznatk\u016f, stanoven\u00ed a ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed metody, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje dosa\u017een\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f ne\u017e jen bezpe\u010dnost proces\u016f nebo jednotliv\u00fdch technick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, tj. dosa\u017een\u00ed integr\u00e1ln\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti. To je v souladu nejen s c\u00edli odborn\u00e9ho pozn\u00e1n\u00ed, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm s po\u017eadavky\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/zkratky\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">OSN i EU\u00a0<\/a>na bezpe\u010dn\u00fd a udr\u017eiteln\u00fd sv\u011bt\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[2,8,9]<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00davod k Integr\u00e1ln\u00ed Bezpe\u010dnosti P\u0159edmluva k elektronick\u00e9mu p\u0159episu diserta\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce k t\u00e9matu Integr\u00e1ln\u00ed Bezpe\u010dnost \u010cl\u00e1nky k integr\u00e1ln\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti jsou p\u0159episem [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1504,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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