{"id":1286,"date":"2024-09-05T18:44:38","date_gmt":"2024-09-05T16:44:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/?p=1286"},"modified":"2025-01-11T00:29:45","modified_gmt":"2025-01-10T23:29:45","slug":"geofyzika","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/en\/geofyzika\/","title":{"rendered":"Geofyzika"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1286\" class=\"elementor elementor-1286\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed54f79 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ed54f79\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-250e6c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"250e6c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"574\" height=\"287\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/c24cc3c7-image.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1288\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/c24cc3c7-image.png 574w, https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/c24cc3c7-image-300x150.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 574px) 100vw, 574px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24aabd3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"24aabd3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Geofyzika<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4242fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a4242fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u010cl\u00e1nek Geofyzika je pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed k \u0159ad\u011b \u010dl\u00e1k\u016f o fyzice pro in\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00e9 a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed obory, jako je:<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/termodynamika-bezpecnost\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Termodynamika a bezpe\u010dnost<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/termodynamika-a-bezpecnost-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Termodynamika a bezpe\u010dnost 2<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/reologie\/\">Reologie<\/a><\/p><p>Geofyzika je hrani\u010dn\u00ed v\u011bdn\u00ed obor na rozhran\u00ed mezi geologi\u00ed a fyzikou, je zalo\u017eena na studiu r\u016fzn\u00fdch geofyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch pol\u00ed, existuj\u00edc\u00edch v nehomogenn\u00edm zemsk\u00e9m t\u011blese a jeho okol\u00ed (tj. t\u00edhov\u00e9 pole, magnetick\u00e9 pole apod.). V praxi se setk\u00e1v\u00e1me p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm s tzv. u\u017eitou resp. praktickou geofyzikou, tj. aplikovan\u00e1 v\u011bdn\u00ed discipl\u00edna, kter\u00e1 se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 konkr\u00e9tn\u00edmi \u00fakoly geologick\u00e9 praxe (lo\u017eiskov\u00e1 a in\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00e1 geofyzika, hydrogeologie). U\u017eit\u00e1 geofyzika vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 dostupn\u00e9 poznatky z oblasti fyziky, geologie a modern\u00edch metod hromadn\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/p><div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-1 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\"><ul><li>\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<em>anal\u00fdzou fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch pol\u00ed zemsk\u00e9ho t\u011blesa, za \u00fa\u010delem \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed problematiky jeho tvaru a stavby (vnit\u0159n\u00ed stavba Zem\u011b \u2013 zejm\u00e9na stavba zemsk\u00e9 k\u016fry a svrchn\u00edho pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b apod.),<\/em><\/li><li><em>\u2013\u00a0\u00a0 \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm problematiky z oblasti v\u0161eobecn\u00e9, strukturn\u00ed a lo\u017eiskov\u00e9 geologie (tektonofyzika; vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed lo\u017eisek nerostn\u00fdch surovin; lokalizace zlom , apod.),<\/em><\/li><li><em>\u2013\u00a0\u00a0 \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm problematiky z oblasti in\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00e9 geologie, geologie \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, hydrogeologie apod.<\/em><\/li><li>Zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 metody m\u011b\u0159\u00ed a analyzuje charakter pole:<\/li><li><em>\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<strong>gravimetrie<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 t\u00edhov\u00e9 pole,<\/em><\/li><li><em>\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<strong>geomagnetika<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 geomagnetick\u00e9 pole,<\/em><\/li><li><em>\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<strong>geoelektrika<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 geoelektrick\u00e9 pole,<\/em><\/li><li><em>\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<strong>seizmick\u00fd pr\u016fzkum<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 vlnov\u00e9 pole,<\/em><\/li><li><em>\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<strong>seismol\u00f3gie<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 vlnov\u00e9 pole,<\/em><\/li><li><em>\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<strong>r\u00e1dionuklidov\u00e9 metody<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 radioaktivn\u00ed pole,<\/em><\/li><li><em>\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<strong>geotermika<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 tepeln\u00e9 pole,<\/em><\/li><li><em>\u2013\u00a0\u00a0 geofyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bn\u00ed ve vrtech, tzv.\u00a0<strong>karot\u00e1\u017en\u00ed metody<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 elektrick\u00e1, akustick\u00e1, jadern\u00e1 a m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch vlastnost\u00ed kapalin.<\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div><p>N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed odstavce stru\u010dn\u011b popisuj\u00ed jednotliv\u00e9 metody, jejich podstatu a zp\u016fsob pou\u017eit\u00ed, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u00a0<strong><em>bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch oborech<\/em><\/strong>. Obsahuj\u00ed re\u0161er\u0161i, p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 citace \u010di parafr\u00e1ze n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch zdroj\u016f:\u00a0<sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"1\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614\"><a role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614-1\">1<\/a><\/sup>,\u00a0<sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"2\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614\"><a role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614-2\">2<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0<sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"3\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614\"><a role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614-3\">3<\/a><\/sup>,<sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"4\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614\"><a role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614-4\">4<\/a><\/sup>,\u00a0<sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"5\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614\"><a role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614-5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c57b0ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c57b0ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gravimetrie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4552b72 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4552b72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gravimetrie\u00a0<em>studuje zemsk\u00e9 t\u00edhov\u00e9ho pole, sestavuje t\u00edhov\u00e9 mapy, kter\u00e9 zobrazuj\u00ed hustotn\u00ed anormality v zemsk\u00e9 k\u016f\u0159e\u00a0<\/em>(<em>\u0160vancara<\/em>). Obr\u00e1zky n\u00ed\u017ee zn\u00e1zor\u0148uj\u00ed princip gravimetru a v\u00fdslednou gravimetrickou mapu \u010cR.\u00a0<strong><em>Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed geod\u00e9zie<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 z\u00edskan\u00e9 hodnoty t\u00edhov\u00e9ho zrychlen\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pro \u00fa\u010dely zji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed a up\u0159es\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed tvaru Zem\u011b, nap\u0159 pomoc\u00ed elipsoidu, sf\u00e9roidu,\u00a0<strong><em>geoidu<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(<em>Posp\u00ed\u0161il<\/em>), viz obr\u00e1zek Popis geoidu (<em>\u0160vancara<\/em>).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-228f635 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"228f635\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"433\" height=\"463\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a2e57e38-image.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1297\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a2e57e38-image.png 433w, https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/a2e57e38-image-281x300.png 281w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 433px) 100vw, 433px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Geofyzika \u2013 Princip gravimetru<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62eb49b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"62eb49b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"540\" height=\"373\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/682f147d-image.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1298\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/682f147d-image.png 540w, https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/682f147d-image-300x207.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Geofyzika \u2013 Gravimetrick\u00e1 mapa \u010cR<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79df221 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"79df221\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"618\" height=\"353\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/e542e260-image.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1299\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/e542e260-image.png 618w, https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/e542e260-image-300x171.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 618px) 100vw, 618px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Geofyzika \u2013 Popis geoidu (\u0160vancara)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-570fe04 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"570fe04\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V\u00fdsledky gravimetrick\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed jsou zat\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 faktory zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00ed zm\u011bny ve \u010dten\u00ed hodnot na gravimetru, tj. kter\u00e9 kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed, \u017ee jsou v r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010dasov\u00fdch okam\u017eic\u00edch nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 odli\u0161n\u00e9 hodnoty. Nap\u0159\u00edklad tzv.\u00a0<strong><em>slapov\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek<\/em><\/strong>, tj. zm\u011bny ve \u010dten\u00ed gravimetru vyvolan\u00e9 gravita\u010dn\u00edm \u00fa\u010dinkem Slunce a M\u011bs\u00edce. Dal\u0161\u00ed faktory, kter\u00e9 je nutn\u00e9 p\u0159i m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed zva\u017eovat, jsou n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky (resp. \u00fa\u010dinek)\u00a0<sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"6\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614\"><a role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614-6\">6<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p><ul><li><em>\u2013\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cide\u00e1ln\u00edho zemsk\u00e9ho t\u011blesa \u2013 sf\u00e9roidu , resp. elipsoidu \u201c, tj. hmotn\u00fdch objekt\u016f, kter\u00e9 se nejv\u00edce bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed tvaru Zem\u011b,<\/em><\/li><li><em>\u2013\u00a0\u00a0 vyvolan\u00fd rotac\u00ed Zem\u011b (jeho\u017e velikost je p\u0159\u00edmo z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na zem\u011bpisn\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159ce analyzovan\u00e9ho t\u00edhov\u00e9ho bodu),<\/em><\/li><li><em>\u2013\u00a0\u00a0 souvisej\u00edc\u00ed se zm\u011bnou hodnoty t\u00edhov\u00e9ho zrychlen\u00ed, v z\u00e1vislosti na nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce,<\/em><\/li><li><em>\u2013\u00a0\u00a0 vertik\u00e1ln\u00edch slo\u017eek p\u0159ita\u017elivosti hmot topografick\u00fdch nerovnost\u00ed, nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch se v okol\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho m\u011b\u0159i\u010dsk\u00e9ho stanovi\u0161t\u011b, na ka\u017ed\u00fd bod zemsk\u00e9ho povrchu.<\/em>\u201c<\/li><\/ul><p>Pro eliminaci odchylek m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed d\u00edky uveden\u00fdm \u00fa\u010dink\u016fm se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed metody:\u00a0<em>\u00a0oprava o hodnotu tzv. norm\u00e1ln\u00edho pole ( g<sub>n<\/sub>\u00a0); redukce Fayova; redukce Bouguerova; redukce na nerovnosti topografick\u00e9ho reli\u00e9fu -\u010di topografick\u00e1 korekce; redukce izostatick\u00e9 .<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e3ddca elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1e3ddca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Geomagnetika<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20a09fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"20a09fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Geomagnetika resp.\u00a0<em>magnetometrie studuje magnetick\u00e9 pole Zem\u011b, umo\u017e\u0148uje vyhled\u00e1vat nerosty obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed magnetick\u00e9 miner\u00e1ly<\/em>. V\u00fdstupem geomagnetick\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed jsou (podobn\u011b jako u gravimetrie) geomagnetick\u00e9 mapy. Obr\u00e1zek n\u00ed\u017ee popisuje princip protonov\u00e9ho magnetometru<sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"7\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614\"><a role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614-7\">7<\/a><\/sup>. Obr\u00e1zek pod n\u00edm zn\u00e1zor\u0148uje protonov\u00fd magnetometr a dal\u0161\u00ed obr\u00e1zek kapametr pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed\u00a0magnetick\u00e9 susceptibility \u03c7<sub>m<\/sub>\u00a0(\u03c7<sub>m<\/sub>\u00a0= M\/H; kde M je magnetizace a H je intenzita magnetick\u00e9ho pole).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-80c2e02 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"80c2e02\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"453\" height=\"366\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/19a02204-image.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1300\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/19a02204-image.png 453w, https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/19a02204-image-300x242.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 453px) 100vw, 453px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Princip protonov\u00e9ho magnetometru (\u0160vancara)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ab33e07 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ab33e07\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"178\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/229f2f53-image.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1301\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Protonov\u00fd magnetometr<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a64c42 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0a64c42\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"179\" height=\"177\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/942d2c62-image.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1302\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Kapametr pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed magnetick\u00e9 susceptibility<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1696b24 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1696b24\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Geoelektrika<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6fbc32 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f6fbc32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Geoelektrika se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 jak m\u011b\u0159en\u00edm a anal\u00fdzou stacion\u00e1rn\u00edho p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho elektrick\u00e9ho pole Zem\u011b, tak i \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1ly um\u011ble vyvolan\u00fdch stacion\u00e1rn\u00edch elektrick\u00fdch a nestacion\u00e1rn\u00edch elektromagnetick\u00fdch pol\u00ed\u00a0<\/em><sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"8\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614\"><a role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614-8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p>V praxi se geoelektrick\u00e9 metody d\u011bl\u00ed na stejnosm\u011brn\u00e9 metody, elektrochemick\u00e9 a elektromagnetick\u00e9 metody. Tj. hled\u00e1n\u00ed rozd\u00edl\u016f hornin v jejich\u00a0<strong><em>m\u011brn\u00e9m odporu, permitivity,\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>resp. elektrochemick\u00e9 aktivity.<\/p><p><em><strong>M\u011brn\u00fd odpor hornin<\/strong>\u00a0je ovlivn\u011bn mnoha faktory, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm: mineralogick\u00fdm slo\u017een\u00edm horniny, por\u00f3zitou, stupn\u011bm nasycen\u00ed horniny vodou, mineralizac\u00ed kapaliny, kter\u00e1 zapl\u0148uje p\u00f3ry, strukturou a texturou horniny, stejn\u011b jako tlakem a teplotou. V aplikovan\u00e9 geofyzice se m\u011brn\u00fd odpor hornin ur\u010duje jako odpor, kter\u00fd elektrick\u00e9mu proudu klade krychle o hran 1m a to ve sm\u011bru kolm\u00e9m na st\u011bnu krychle<\/em>\u00a0<sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"9\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614\"><a role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614-9\">9<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p><strong><em>Permitivita<\/em><\/strong><em>\u00a0vyjad\u0159uje v generelu schopnost zesilovat, nebo zeslabovat elektrick\u00e9 pole v d\u016fsledku polarizace \u2013 tj. dle uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00e9 orientace v\u00e1zan\u00fdch elektrick\u00fdch n\u00e1boj. V geoelektrick\u00e9 praxi byla zavedena jako bezrozm\u011brn\u00e1 veli\u010dina. U r\u016fzn\u00fdch hornin se m\u011bn\u00ed od 2 a\u017e 3, do hodnot kolem 40. Minim\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnoty b\u00fdvaj\u00ed typick\u00e9 pro such\u00e9 por\u00e9zn\u00ed horniny. Maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnoty b\u00fdvaj\u00ed indikov\u00e1ny u t\u011bchto hornin v p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy jsou pln nasyceny vodou. Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edm faktorem, kter\u00fd ur\u010duje velikost permitivity je tedy p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm stupe nasycen\u00ed horniny vodou\u00a0<\/em><sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"10\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614\"><a role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614-10\">10<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p><em>Geoelektrick\u00e9 metody nal\u00e9zaj\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v geologii, hydrogeologii, v geotechnice, ve stavebnictv\u00ed, p\u0159i pr\u016fzkumu svahov\u00fdch deformac\u00ed, p\u0159i vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed horninov\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a p\u0159i realizaci n\u00e1sledn\u00fdch sana\u010dn\u00edch metod, stejn\u011b jako v archeologick\u00e9 praxi, resp. i v mnoha jin\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch<\/em>\u00a0<sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"11\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614\"><a role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614-11\">11<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b68f129 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b68f129\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"471\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/73347c8b-image.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1303\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/73347c8b-image.png 471w, https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/73347c8b-image-300x223.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 471px) 100vw, 471px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Princip geoelektrick\u00e9ho sondov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed m\u011brn\u00e9ho odporu<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2574454 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2574454\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Seismick\u00fd pr\u016fzkum<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-897b0be elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"897b0be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Seismick\u00fdm pr\u016fzkumem (d\u00e1le jen seismikou) se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 soubor metod, kter\u00e9 na b\u00e1zi studia\u00a0<strong><em>um\u011ble vyvolan\u00fdch elastick\u00fdch (seismick\u00fdch) vln<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0analyzuje zemskou k\u016fru a v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b i svrchn\u00ed pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 Zem\u011b.\u00a0<em>Po pr\u016fchodu svrchn\u00edmi \u010d\u00e1stmi zemsk\u00e9ho t\u011blesa se tyto vlny vracej\u00ed k povrchu a nesou informaci o prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00fdm pro\u0161ly<\/em>.\u00a0<em>Je to hlavn\u00ed prospek\u010dn\u00ed metoda na ropu a plyn<\/em>\u00a0<sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"12\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614\"><a role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614-12\">12<\/a><\/sup>,\u00a0<sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"13\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614\"><a role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614-13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p>Seismika se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 a \u0159e\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed oblasti.<\/p><p><strong><em>Typy seismick\u00fdch vln:<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0pod\u00e9ln\u00e9 \u201eP\u201c a p\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00e9 \u201eS\u201c (pro speci\u00e1ln\u00ed aplikace).<\/p><p><strong><em>Zdroje seismick\u00e9 energie<\/em><\/strong>:<\/p><ul><li>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2013 odpal trhaviny (zpravidla ve vrtu),<\/li><li>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2013 vibr\u00e1tory,<\/li><li>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2013 kladivo, z\u00e1va\u017e\u00ed, st\u0159ela (m\u011blk\u00e1 seismika),<\/li><li>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2013 seskupov\u00e1n\u00ed kupov\u00e1n\u00ed zdroj\u016f vln\u011bn\u00ed (sou\u010dasn\u00e9, postupn\u00e1 sumace).<\/li><\/ul><p><strong><em>\u0160\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed seismick\u00fdch vln:<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0s<em>eismick\u00e9 vlny se od sv\u00e9ho zdroje \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed v\u0161emi sm\u011bry a to rychlost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 z\u00e1vis\u00ed na fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch vlastnostech analyzovan\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/em>\u00a0(homogenn\u00ed, vrstevnat\u00e9)<em>\u00a0a na druhu seismick\u00e9 vlny<\/em>.<\/p><p><strong><em>Odraz a lom.\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><em>P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou odrazu a lomu seismick\u00fdch vln na vrstevn\u00edch rozhran\u00edch je p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm rozd\u00edlnost rychlost\u00ed a hustot v t\u011bchto vrstv\u00e1ch. Nap\u0159. v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1me existenci dvou homogenn\u00edch prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jsou odd\u011blena rovinn\u00fdm rozhran\u00edm a rychlosti \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed seismick\u00fdch vln jsou v nich v1 a v2, po dopadu pod\u00e9ln\u00e9 seismick\u00e9 vlny P na toto rozhran\u00ed (a na jej\u00ed \u00fakor) vzniknou druhotn\u00e9 \u2013 sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed vlny. Ve svrchn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed jsou to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm vlny odra\u017een\u00e9 (reflektovan\u00e9) a ve spodn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed vlny proch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed \u2013 lomen\u00e9 (refragovan\u00e9)<sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"14\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614\"><a role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614-14\">14<\/a><\/sup>.<\/em><\/p><p><strong><em>Ru\u0161en\u00ed.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0K povrchu mohou p\u0159ich\u00e1zet i jin\u00e9 vlny,\u00a0<em>kter\u00e9 ru\u0161\u00ed registraci u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdch vln (resp. u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu), tj. vlny ru\u0161iv\u00e9<\/em>, kter\u00e9 je nutn\u00e9 p\u0159i vyhodnocen\u00ed filtrovat. Jedn\u00e1 se nap\u0159. o\u00a0<sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"15\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614\"><a role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614-15\">15<\/a><\/sup>.:<\/p><ul><li><em>\u2013\u00a0\u00a0 p\u0159\u00edmou pod\u00e9lnou vlnu (kter\u00e1 se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed pod\u00e9l zemsk\u00e9ho povrchu a kdy jde obvykle o \u010deln\u00ed vlnu, kter\u00e1 se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed pod\u00e9l povrchu skaln\u00edho podkladu , v podlo\u017e\u00ed tzv. zv\u011btral\u00e9 vrstvy),<\/em><\/li><li><em>\u2013\u00a0\u00a0 p\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00e9 (odra\u017een\u00e9 a \u010deln\u00ed) vlny,<\/em><\/li><li><em>\u2013\u00a0\u00a0 transformovan\u00e9 vlny,<\/em><\/li><li><em>\u2013\u00a0\u00a0 n\u00e1sobn\u00e9 vlny (kter\u00e9 vznikaj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na po dopadu pod\u00e9ln\u00fdch odra\u017een\u00fdch vln na zemsk\u00fd povrch a odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed se zp\u011bt do hloubky, kde se znovu odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed a vrac\u00ed se zp\u011bt k povrchu,<\/em><\/li><li><em>\u2013\u00a0\u00a0 vlny kter\u00e9 vznikaj\u00ed v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech tak\u00e9 po dopadu pod\u00e9ln\u00fdch odra\u017een\u00fdch vln na n\u011bkter\u00e1 rozhran\u00ed uvnit\u0159 analyzovan\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kdy se rovn\u011b\u017e vrac\u00ed zp\u011bt do hloubky a teprve n\u00e1sledn\u011b se dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed a\u017e na povrch),<\/em><\/li><li><em>\u2013\u00a0\u00a0 difragovan\u00e9 vlny, kter\u00e9 vznikaj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i dopadu seismick\u00fdch vln na n\u011bkter\u00e9 nespojitosti sledovan\u00fdch rozhran\u00ed, nebo na jin\u00e9 nehomogenity analyzovan\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed,<\/em><\/li><li><em>\u2013\u00a0\u00a0 mikroseismy, kter\u00e9 b\u00fdvaj\u00ed vyvol\u00e1ny nap\u0159. p\u016fsoben\u00edm de\u0161t\u011b na zemsk\u00fd povrch, nebo pohybem a \u010dinnost\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch dopravn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f apod.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c474fb4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c474fb4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"406\" height=\"312\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/659ebbdc-image.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1304\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/659ebbdc-image.png 406w, https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/659ebbdc-image-300x231.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 406px) 100vw, 406px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Princip seismick\u00e9ho m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-311cbb4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"311cbb4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"505\" height=\"308\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/16b65e91-image.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1305\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/16b65e91-image.png 505w, https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/16b65e91-image-300x183.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 505px) 100vw, 505px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Seismick\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na vod\u011b<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-443a613 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"443a613\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><em>Registrace a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed seismick\u00fdch z\u00e1znam\u016f.\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>Registrace p\u0159\u00edchodu seismick\u00fdch vln (seismick\u00fd kan\u00e1l) je realizov\u00e1na v p\u0159edem zvolen\u00fdch m\u00edstech, prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm geofonu, tj. sn\u00edma\u010de na principu elektromagnetick\u00e9 indukce, prov\u00e1d\u00ed se z\u00e1pis tzv. seismick\u00e1 stopa (trasa). Seskupov\u00e1n\u00edm geofon\u016f doch\u00e1z\u00ed k potla\u010den\u00ed ru\u0161iv\u00fdch povrchov\u00fdch vliv\u016f. V\u00fdsledky jsou d\u00e1le zpracov\u00e1ny p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v po\u010d\u00edta\u010di, zpracov\u00e1n\u00edm jsou \u010dasov\u00e9 \u0159ezy, migrace, hloubkov\u00e9 \u0159ezy.\u00a0 Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed metody zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed v prospekci uhlovod\u00edk\u016f jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad: anal\u00fdza amplitud, ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed koeficient\u016f odrazu, metoda AVO (Amplitude Versus Offset).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6668cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d6668cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Seismologie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9debc76 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9debc76\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Seismologie se dle (Hav\u00ed\u0159) zam\u011b\u0159uje na\u00a0<em>probl\u00e9m generov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed a z\u00e1znam\u016f elastick\u00fdch vln v Zemi a dal\u0161\u00edch p\u0159irozen\u00fdch kosmick\u00fdch t\u011blesech<\/em>\u00a0(tj. seismick\u00e9 jevy resp. ud\u00e1losti). Seismologie sleduje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm\u00a0<em>p\u0159irozen\u00e9 seismick\u00e9 vlny vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159i zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00edch, kter\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161inou proch\u00e1zej\u00ed cel\u00fdm zemsk\u00fdm t\u011blesem.\u00a0<\/em>Seismologie studuje tak\u00e9 p\u0159irozen\u00e9 seismick\u00e9 vlny, kter\u00e9 vznikaj\u00ed p\u0159i zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00edch. Tyto vlny nesou informace o elastick\u00fdch vlastnostech cel\u00e9 Zem\u011b.<\/p><p>D\u00e1le zahrnuje tak\u00e9 nap\u0159\u00edklad speci\u00e1ln\u00ed metody k monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed jadern\u00fdch v\u00fdbuch\u016f (odli\u0161en\u00ed od zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed a velk\u00fdch odpal\u016f v lomech). Seismologie je z hlediska bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch obor\u016f jednou z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch oblast\u00ed geofyziky, jeliko\u017e seismick\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti b\u00fdvaj\u00ed spou\u0161t\u011b\u010dem (resp. p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou) \u0159ady<strong><em>\u00a0technologick\u00fdch hav\u00e1ri\u00ed a r\u016fzn\u00fdch kask\u00e1dov\u00fdch efekt\u016f, zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00ed ztr\u00e1ty na ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch aktivech<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(\u017eivoty a zdrav\u00ed lid\u00ed, jejich majetek, tj. ztr\u00e1ty v lidsk\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu, ztr\u00e1ty v technologick\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu nebo ztr\u00e1ty v \u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed apod.).<\/p><p><strong><em>Hlavn\u00edm p\u0159edm\u011btem seismologie jsou zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><em>\u2013 proces, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke generov\u00e1n\u00ed kr\u00e1tkoperiodick\u00fdch elastick\u00fdch vln. Studium zdroj\u016f p\u0159irozen\u00fdch zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed seismick\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu zemsk\u00fdm t\u011blesem p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed poznatky o stavb\u011b Zem\u011b a up\u0159es\u0148uje znalosti o charakteru tektonick\u00fdch proces\u016f\u00a0<\/em>(Hav\u00ed\u0159)<em>.<\/em>\u00a0<\/p><p><em><strong>Seismick\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 registrujeme v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b, d\u011bl\u00edme na zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00e1, zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed indukovan\u00e1 lidskou \u010dinnost\u00ed, um\u011bl\u00e9 exploze a vibrace p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho nebo um\u011bl\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu (vznikaj\u00ed jako d\u016fsledek technologick\u00fdch proces\u016f i p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch jev\u016f; p\u00e1dy meteorit\u016f, letadel, bomb apod.)\u00a0<\/em><sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"16\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614\"><a role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614-16\">16<\/a><\/sup><em>.<\/em><\/p><p><strong><em>Zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed<\/em><\/strong><em>\u00a0je fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed jev, kter\u00fd se projevuje kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fdmi rychl\u00fdmi pohyby zemsk\u00e9ho povrchu. Tyto pohyby trvaj\u00ed n\u011bkolik sekund a\u017e n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek sekund. Vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed\u00a0 je seismick\u00e9 vlny, kter\u00e9 se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed z ohniska zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed zemsk\u00fdm t\u011blesem. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b velmi siln\u00fdch zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed seismick\u00e9 vlny zemsk\u00fdm t\u011blesem i n\u011bkolik hodin (mluv\u00edme o tzv. vlastn\u00edch kmitech Zem\u011b). P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou 90%\u00a0<\/em>(p\u0159irozen\u00fdch)\u00a0<em>zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed je uvoln\u011bn\u00ed kumulovan\u00fdch tektonick\u00fdch nap\u011bt\u00ed v zemsk\u00e9 k\u016f\u0159e a ve svrchn\u00edm pl\u00e1\u0161ti a\u017e do hloubky cca 750 km, kter\u00e9 vznik\u00e1 v d\u016fsledku st\u00e1le prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edch\u00a0 endogenn\u00edch\u00a0 proces\u016f\u00a0 v zemsk\u00e9m\u00a0 t\u011blese. Tato zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed\u00a0 (tzv.\u00a0 tektonick\u00e1)\u00a0 se\u00a0 vyskytuj\u00ed ve t\u0159ech p\u00e1smech,\u00a0 je\u017e jsou na rozhran\u00ed desek tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00edch litosf\u00e9ru Zem\u011b. Asi 7% zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed je spojeno se sope\u010dnou \u010dinnost\u00ed a 3% s \u0159\u00edcen\u00edm skaln\u00edch mas\u00edv\u016f (tzv. \u0159\u00edtiv\u00e1 zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed)<\/em>\u00a0<sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"17\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614\"><a role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614-17\">17<\/a><\/sup><em>.<\/em><\/p><p><em>Zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed je produktem proces\u016f v zemsk\u00e9 k\u016f\u0159e a ve svrchn\u00edm pl\u00e1\u0161ti, kter\u00e9 se odehr\u00e1vaj\u00ed v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 geologick\u00e9 epo\u0161e v jist\u00fdch oblastech a jsou pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm d\u011bj\u016f minul\u00fdch. Vznik\u00e1 n\u00e1hl\u00fdm uvoln\u011bn\u00edm mechanick\u00e9 energie. Jako zlomov\u00fd proces se za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 rozv\u00edjet v bod\u011b, kter\u00fd naz\u00fdv\u00e1me\u00a0<strong>hypocentrum<\/strong>. Svisl\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011bt hypocentra na zemsk\u00fd povrch se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 epicentrum.<\/em><\/p><p><em><strong>Ohnisko<\/strong>\u00a0\u010di oblast ohniska (ohniskov\u00e1 oblast) je oblast, ve kter\u00e9 v pr\u016fb\u011bhu zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed k nevratn\u00fdm deformac\u00edm. Vn\u011b ohniska se zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed projevuje p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b jen seismick\u00fdmi vlnami (tj. kmity, kter\u00e9 se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed zemsk\u00fdm t\u011blesem). Ka\u017ed\u00e9 zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed je t\u0159eba charakterizovat geografick\u00fdmi sou\u0159adnicemi epicentra, hloubkou ohniska, \u010dasem vzniku, velikost\u00ed, orientac\u00ed syst\u00e9mu sil p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00edch v ohnisku, p\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edm silov\u00fdm multip\u00f3lem, poklesem nap\u011bt\u00ed v d\u016fsledku poru\u0161en\u00ed, velikost\u00ed nevratn\u00e9 deformace ohniska a jej\u00edm \u010dasov\u00fdm pr\u016fb\u011bhem, tvarem a velikost\u00ed poru\u0161en\u00e9 oblasti i prostorov\u00fdm rozlo\u017een\u00edm makroseismick\u00fdch projev\u016f zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed<\/em>\u00a0<sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"18\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614\"><a role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614-18\">18<\/a><\/sup><em>.<\/em><\/p><p><em>Velikost zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed klasifikujeme pomoc\u00ed\u00a0<strong>seismick\u00e9 energie<\/strong>\u00a0[J],\u00a0<strong>intenzity<\/strong>\u00a0zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed [MSK-64] (dvan\u00e1ctistup\u0148ov\u00e1 stupnice),\u00a0<strong>magnituda<\/strong>\u00a0[bez rozm\u011bru] (veli\u010dina ur\u010den\u00e1 pomoc\u00ed logaritmu pom\u011bru maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed amplitudy a periody seismick\u00fdch vln s uv\u00e1\u017een\u00edm epicentr\u00e1ln\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti a hloubky ohniska; dosahuje maxim\u00e1ln\u011b hodnoty 9 \u2013 novin\u00e1\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed n\u00e1zev \u201eRichterova stupnice\u201c),\u00a0<strong>posunut\u00ed<\/strong>\u00a0[m],\u00a0<strong>rychlosti<\/strong>\u00a0[m.s-1] \u010di\u00a0<strong>zrychlen\u00ed pohybu podlo\u017e\u00ed<\/strong>\u00a0[m.s-2],\u00a0<strong>poklesu napjatosti v ohnisku zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed<\/strong>\u00a0[MPa] a\u00a0<strong>seismick\u00e9ho momentu<\/strong>\u00a0[N.m].<\/em><\/p><p><em>Je si t\u0159eba uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee lze srovn\u00e1vat jen hodnoty odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edch veli\u010din, nap\u0159. magnituda z P vln, z S vln\u00a0<\/em>(viz obr\u00e1zky 20 a 21)<em>\u00a0a z povrchov\u00fdch vln se zpravidla li\u0161\u00ed, podobn\u011b je to u hodnot magnitud lok\u00e1ln\u00edch a region\u00e1ln\u00edch a u hodnot magnitud vypo\u010dten\u00fdch z intenzity (magnitudo spo\u010dten\u00e9 z intenzity zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed se v \u010cesk\u00e9m mas\u00edvu ur\u010duje pomoc\u00ed vzorce M= 0.63 I0 + 0.5)\u00a0<\/em><sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"19\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614\"><a role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614-19\">19<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e396e86 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e396e86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"430\" height=\"262\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/24b128b3-image.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1314\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/24b128b3-image.png 430w, https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/24b128b3-image-300x183.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 430px) 100vw, 430px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Seismologie \u2013 S vlny<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-578f6cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"578f6cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"420\" height=\"216\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3302ec60-image.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1315\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3302ec60-image.png 420w, https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3302ec60-image-300x154.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Seismologie \u2013 P vlny<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e6ea4a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e6ea4a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"258\" height=\"391\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/12c6ae4e-image.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1316\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/12c6ae4e-image.png 258w, https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/12c6ae4e-image-198x300.png 198w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 258px) 100vw, 258px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Princip seismometru<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a5cc28d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a5cc28d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V\u011bt\u0161ina zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed se pohybuje pod\u00e9l litosf\u00e9rick\u00fdch desek jak je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bno na obr\u00e1zku.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e65686d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e65686d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"574\" height=\"287\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/c24cc3c7-image-1-1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1318\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/c24cc3c7-image-1-1.png 574w, https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/c24cc3c7-image-1-1-300x150.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 574px) 100vw, 574px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">(\u0160vancara)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a1916ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a1916ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed vzd\u00e1len\u00e1 od okraj\u016f litosf\u00e9rick\u00fdch desek se \u010dasto vyskytuj\u00ed pod\u00e9l zlom\u016f. Zlom je porucha nebo p\u00e1smo poruch, pod\u00e9l n\u00ed\u017e do\u0161lo k posunu blok\u016f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59d7295 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"59d7295\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"469\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/5b2b732c-image.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1319\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/5b2b732c-image.png 469w, https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/5b2b732c-image-300x224.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 469px) 100vw, 469px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Seismologie, posun blok\u016f pod\u00e9l zlom\u016f.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78c38c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"78c38c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm prost\u0159edkem ke\u00a0<strong>sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed ztr\u00e1t<\/strong>\u00a0zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00edmi by pochopiteln\u011b byla jejich p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je mo\u017en\u00e1 jen dlouhodob\u00e1 p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f, tj. ur\u010den\u00ed seismick\u00e9ho ohro\u017een\u00ed dan\u00e9 lokality, kterou pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1\u00a0<strong>seismick\u00e9 in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed<\/strong>\u00a0<\/em><sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"20\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614\"><a role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614-20\">20<\/a><\/sup><em>.<\/em>\u00a0Na z\u00e1klad\u011b m\u00edry ohro\u017een\u00ed je nutn\u00e9 zav\u00e1d\u011bt pat\u0159i\u010dn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed pro sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed dopad\u016f zem\u011bt\u0159esn\u00ed, tj. dle (Proch\u00e1zkov\u00e1): technick\u00e1, organiza\u010dn\u00ed, pr\u00e1vn\u00ed, v\u00fdchovn\u00e1.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e500af5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e500af5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">R\u00e1dionuklidov\u00e9 metody<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4e6880 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a4e6880\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Radionuklidov\u00e9 metody jsou zalo\u017eeny studiu p\u0159irozen\u00e9 respektive um\u011ble vzbuzen\u00e9 radioaktivity hornin. Radiometrick\u00e9 metody vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed p\u0159irozenou radioaktivitu hornin p\u0159i vyhled\u00e1vac\u00edm pr\u016fzkumu a p\u0159i geologick\u00e9m mapov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/em>\u00a0(\u0160vancara).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41087bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"41087bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kartor\u00e1\u017en\u00ed metody<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00a513e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"00a513e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kartor\u00e1\u017en\u00ed metody jsou zalo\u017een\u00e9 na geofyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u011b\u0159en\u00edch ve vrtech zac\u00edlen\u00e9 na stanoven\u00ed fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch vlastnost\u00ed hornin\u00a0<strong><em>zasti\u017een\u00fdch vrtem<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(\u0160vancara).<\/p><p><em>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed podm\u00ednkou pro realizaci karot\u00e1\u017en\u00edch m\u0159en\u00ed je\u00a0<strong>existence vrtu<\/strong>, kter\u00fd p\u0159i aplikaci jednotliv\u00fdch geofyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch karot\u00e1\u017en\u00edch metod umo\u017e\u0148uje dost\u00e1vat se p\u0159\u00edmo do kontaktu s horninami, jejich\u017e fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed parametry by se m\u011bly m\u011b\u0159it a t\u00edm z\u00edsk\u00e1vat informace o jejich fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch vlastnostech v p\u0159irozen\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Tj. z\u00edsk\u00e1vat fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed parametry, kter\u00e9 jsou velice d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 nejenom pro re\u00e1lnou interpretaci prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdch povrchov\u00fdch geofyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.<\/em><\/p><p><em>Jeliko\u017e ji\u017e vrt s\u00e1m o sob\u011b p\u0159edstavuje um\u011bl\u00fd z\u00e1sah do p\u0159irozen\u00fdch podm\u00ednek horninov\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, a i v r\u00e1mci d\u016fsledk\u016f samotn\u00e9ho vrtn\u00edho procesu se \u010dasto v jeho bezprost\u0159edn\u00edm okol\u00ed li\u0161\u00ed fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed vlastnosti prost\u0159ed\u00ed a podm\u00ednky od ide\u00e1ln\u00edch , je nutn\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee i kdy\u017e je vrt na jedn\u00e9 stran nutnou podm\u00ednkou pro realizaci karot\u00e1\u017en\u00edch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, \u017ee na druh\u00e9 stran\u00a0<strong>je faktorem, kter\u00fd pon\u011bkud zt\u011b\u017euje proces z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed re\u00e1ln\u00fdch fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch vlastnost\u00ed<\/strong>\u00a0horninov\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00fdm proch\u00e1z\u00ed a to t\u00edm v\u00edce, \u010d\u00edm je jeho pr\u016fm\u011br v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed<\/em>\u00a0(Posp\u00ed\u0161il\u00a0<sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"21\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614\"><a role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614-21\">21<\/a><\/sup>).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3346618 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3346618\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kartor\u00e1\u017en\u00ed metody \u2013 Elektrick\u00e1 metoda<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed4cf52 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ed4cf52\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Elektrick\u00e9 metody lze rozd\u011blit na m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00fdch a um\u011ble vyvolan\u00fdch elektrick\u00fdch pol\u00ed. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00fdch elektrick\u00fdch pol\u00edch se jedn\u00e1 o m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vlastn\u00edch, tj. ve vrtu samovoln\u011b vznikaj\u00edc\u00edch potenci\u00e1l\u016f ( SP ) a elektrodov\u00fdch potenci\u00e1l ( EP ). (Posp\u00ed\u0161il\u00a0<sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"22\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614\"><a role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614-22\">22<\/a><\/sup>)<\/p><p><strong><em>Metoda vlastn\u00edch potenci\u00e1l<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 ( SP ).\u00a0<em>Za p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu vzniku vlastn\u00edch potenci\u00e1l jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny dif\u00fazn\u011b-adsorp\u010dn\u00ed procesy (kter\u00fdm odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed dif\u00fazn\u011badsorp\u010dn\u00ed potenci\u00e1ly), filtra\u010dn\u00ed procesy (kter\u00fdm odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed filtra\u010dn\u00ed potenci\u00e1ly) a oxida\u010dn\u011b reduk\u010dn\u00ed procesy (kter\u00fdm odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed oxida\u010dn\u011b reduk\u010dn\u00ed potenci\u00e1ly). V t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edpadech se p\u0159i m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed spou\u0161t\u00ed do vrtu jedna m\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed elektroda ( M ) a p\u0159es registra\u010dn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se indikuje jej\u00ed potenci\u00e1l vzhledem k elektrod ( N ), kter\u00e1 je um\u00edst\u011bna na povrchu. K\u0159ivky vlastn\u00edch potenci\u00e1l z\u00edskan\u00e9 v sediment\u00e1rn\u00edm horninov\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed pak p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed<\/em>\u00a0(Posp\u00ed\u0161il\u00a0<sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"23\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614\"><a role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614-23\">23<\/a><\/sup>):<\/p><ul><li><em>\u2013\u00a0\u00a0 p\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00e9 (odra\u017een\u00e9 a \u010deln\u00ed) vlny,<\/em><\/li><li><em>\u2013\u00a0\u00a0 transformovan\u00e9 vlny,<\/em><\/li><li><em>\u2013\u00a0\u00a0 roz\u010dlenit vrtn\u00fd profil na polohy p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en p\u00eds\u010dit\u00e9 a p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b j\u00edlovit\u00e9,<\/em><\/li><li><em>\u2013\u00a0\u00a0 vy\u010dlenit v profilu vrtu propustn\u00e9 \u2013 por\u00e9zn\u00ed horniny,<\/em><\/li><li><em>\u2013\u00a0\u00a0 a vypo\u010d\u00edtat m\u011brn\u00fd odpor podzemn\u00ed vody \u03c1 \u03c9 pro statickou anom\u00e1lii SP (tj. SSP).<\/em><\/li><\/ul><p>Anal\u00fdza b\u00fdv\u00e1 zam\u011b\u0159ena i na stanoven\u00ed m\u011brn\u00e9ho odporu hornin, resp. i koeficientu polarizovatelnosti hornin \u03b7 ( kdy koeficient \u03b7 je definov\u00e1n jako pom\u011br potenci\u00e1l\u016f vyzvan\u00e9 polarizace k potenci\u00e1lu, kter\u00fd je m\u011b\u0159en p\u0159i proch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edm proudu).<\/p><p><strong><em>Metoda elektrodov\u00fdch potenci\u00e1l \u2013\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>( EP ).\u00a0<em>Vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se k identifikaci vodiv\u00fdch miner\u00e1l , kter\u00e9 se vyskytuj\u00ed ve st\u011bn\u011b vrtu a vyzna\u010duj\u00ed se elektronovou vodivost\u00ed [jako nap\u0159. sulfidy (mimo sfaleritu) a oxidy (nap\u0159. magnetit, grafit i antracit). V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, kdy se takov\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly nach\u00e1z\u00ed v elektrolytu spole\u010dn\u011b s kovem, jeho\u017e vlastn\u00ed potenci\u00e1l je dostate\u010dn\u011b z\u00e1porn\u00fd (jako nap\u0159. Fe nebo Zn ), vznikne galvanick\u00fd l\u00e1nek, kdy katodou je elektroda a anodou n\u011bkter\u00fd z diskutovan\u00fdch sirn\u00edk\u016f. V d\u016fsledku toho lze mezi nimi nam\u011b\u0159it v\u00fdznamn\u00fd potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed rozd\u00edl \u2013 tzv. elektrodov\u00fd potenci\u00e1l<\/em>\u00a0(Posp\u00ed\u0161il\u00a0<sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"24\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614\"><a role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614-24\">24<\/a><\/sup>).<\/p><p><strong><em>M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed um\u011ble vyvolan\u00fdch elektrick\u00fdch pol\u00ed:<\/em>\u00a0(Posp\u00ed\u0161il\u00a0<sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"25\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614\"><a role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614-25\">25<\/a><\/sup>)<\/strong><\/p><p><strong><em>\u2013<\/em><\/strong><em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<strong>proudov\u00e1 karot\u00e1\u017e<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0<em>\u2013 p\u0159i m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed je vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n rozd\u00edl ve vodivosti hornin, nebo zat\u00edm-co nap\u0159. m\u011brn\u00fd odpor rudn\u00edch miner\u00e1l (nap\u0159. u sulfid\u016f) \u010din\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dov\u011b 10<sup>-4<\/sup>\u00a0a\u017e 10<sup>-2<\/sup>\u00a0\u03a9m, hodnota m\u011brn\u00e9ho odporu u b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch horninotvorn\u00fdch miner\u00e1lu se pohybuje kolem 10<sup>3<\/sup>\u00a0a\u017e 10<sup>3<\/sup>\u00a0\u03a9m<\/em>,<\/p><p><strong><em>\u2013\u00a0\u00a0 odporov\u00e1 karot\u00e1\u017e<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0<em>\u2013 p\u0159i m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed se v podstat vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 zm\u011bna m\u011brn\u00e9ho odporu hornin pod\u00e9l vrtn\u00edho profilu. Metoda je v generelu zalo\u017eena na stejn\u00e9m principu, jako odporov\u00e1 metoda p\u0159i povrchov\u00e9m geofyzik\u00e1ln\u00edm pr\u016fzkumu<\/em>,<\/p><p><strong><em>\u2013\u00a0\u00a0 induk\u010dn\u00ed karot\u00e1\u017e<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 vodivosti hornin,<\/p><p><strong><em>\u2013\u00a0\u00a0 mikrokarot\u00e1\u017e\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>\u2013 js<em>ou zam\u011b\u0159eny na zji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed vlastnost\u00ed hornin v bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed bl\u00edzkosti st\u011bny vrtu; mikrokarot\u00e1\u017en\u00ed metody jsou aplikov\u00e1ny tak\u00e9 v r\u00e1mci vrtn\u00edho pr\u016fzkumu v oblastech uheln\u00fdch p\u00e1nv\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na p i anal\u00fdze stavby uheln\u00edch sloj\u00ed,<\/em><\/p><p><strong><em>\u2013\u00a0\u00a0 metoda vyzvan\u00e9 polarizace<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<em>v r\u00e1mci aplikace t\u00e9to metody se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 proces, kter\u00fd vznik\u00e1 v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, kdy do analyzovan\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed nejd\u0159\u00edve zav\u00e1d\u00edme stejnosm\u011brn\u00fd proud a n\u00e1sledn\u011b jej vypneme. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina hornin m\u00e1 schopnost se proch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edm proudem polarizovat, a je schopna si po ur\u010dit\u00fd \u010das si tuto polarizaci podr\u017eet, je mo\u017en\u00e9 v ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku po vypnut\u00ed proudu indikovat zbytkov\u00e9ho elektrick\u00e9ho pole, kter\u00e9 je ozna\u010dov\u00e1no jako pole\u00a0<strong>vyzvan\u00fdch potenci\u00e1l\u016f<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a39c49a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a39c49a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kartor\u00e1\u017en\u00ed metody \u2013 Akustick\u00e1 metoda<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb46643 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cb46643\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Aplikace t\u00e9to metody umo\u017e\u0148uje spojit\u011b m\u011b\u0159it rychlost \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed elastick\u00fdch vln v hornin\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 byly vrtem zasti\u017eeny. U v\u0161ech karot\u00e1\u017en\u00edch sond, kter\u00e9 jsou k tomuto \u00fa\u010delu pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny, je v podstat\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n stejn\u00fd princip. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 z nich obsahuje minim\u00e1ln\u011b jeden vys\u00edla\u010d akustick\u00fdch, nebo ultrazvukov\u00fdch vln (o frekvenc\u00edch od 10 do 40 kHz), stejn\u011b jako minim\u00e1ln\u011b jeden p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d<\/em>.\u00a0<em>Energie je vys\u00edl\u00e1na piezoelektrick\u00fdm, nebo magnetostrik\u010dn\u00edm zdrojem ve form\u011b impuls\u016f (cca 10 a\u017e 30 imp\/s) p\u0159es v\u00fdplach do st\u011bny vrtu. P\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d, kter\u00fd je um\u00edst\u011bn v ur\u010dit\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti od vys\u00edla\u010de (a je od n\u011bj odd\u011blen zvukov\u00fdm izol\u00e1torem) indikuje \u010das p\u0159\u00edchodu jednotliv\u00fdch impuls\u016f.<\/em><\/p><p><em>Registra\u010dn\u00ed panel je konstruov\u00e1n tak, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee plynule registrovat \u010das p\u0159\u00edchodu t, tj. rychlost \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed elastick\u00fdch vln, d\u00e1le relativn\u00ed zm\u011bnu v amplitud zachycen\u00e9ho impulsu, resp. v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech konstrukce panelu umo\u017e\u0148uje pozorovat na oscilografu i cel\u00fd vlnov\u00fd obraz<\/em>\u00a0(Posp\u00ed\u0161il\u00a0<sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"26\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614\"><a role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614-26\">26<\/a><\/sup>).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5ee61b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d5ee61b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kartor\u00e1\u017en\u00ed metody \u2013 Jadern\u00e1 metoda<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dea0505 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dea0505\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Tyto metody jsou zna\u010dn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eny p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm proto, \u017ee jsou schopn\u00e9 poskytovat:<\/em><\/p><ul><li><em>\u2013\u00a0\u00a0 spojitou dokumentaci o fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch vlastnostech hornin,<\/em><\/li><li><em>\u2013\u00a0\u00a0 \u00fadaje o l\u00e1tkov\u00e9m slo\u017een\u00ed hornin a kapalin, kter\u00e9 vypl\u0148uj\u00ed p\u00f3ry,<\/em><\/li><li><em>\u2013\u00a0\u00a0 \u00fadaje o technick\u00e9m stavu vrtu a o r\u016fzn\u00fdch komplikac\u00edch, kter\u00e9 mohou nastat ve vrtu, v pr\u016fb\u011bhu vrtn\u00edho procesu.<\/em><\/li><\/ul><p><em>Metody jsou zalo\u017eeny na stejn\u00fdch teoretick\u00fdch z\u00e1kladech, jako povrchov\u00e9 metody jadern\u00e9 geofyziky. V generelu se jedn\u00e1 o metody, kter\u00e9 jsou zam\u011b\u0159eny bu\u010f na registraci p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho radioaktivn\u00edho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed hornin, tj. jedn\u00e1 se o tzv. pasivn\u00ed metody<\/em>\u00a0(gama karot\u00e1\u017e a spektr\u00e1ln\u00ed gamakarot\u00e1\u017e),\u00a0<em>nebo o metody, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 zdroje, tj. o tzv. aktiva\u010dn\u00ed metody<\/em>, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 zdroje gama z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, nap\u0159.:<\/p><ul><li>\u2013\u00a0\u00a0 Gama-gama karot\u00e1\u017e (hustotn\u00ed a selektivn\u00ed),<\/li><li>\u2013\u00a0\u00a0 Neutron \u2013 neutron karot\u00e1\u017e,<\/li><li>\u2013\u00a0\u00a0 Neutron \u2013 gama karot\u00e1\u017e.<\/li><\/ul><p><em>Z\u00e1kladn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstrojem, kter\u00fd je p\u0159i jadern\u00e9 karot\u00e1\u017ei pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n je karot\u00e1\u017en\u00ed radiometr, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje detekovat z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed gama, nebo hustotu neutron. Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed tohoto druhu sest\u00e1vaj\u00ed z hlubinn\u00e9 sondy a z povrchov\u00e9ho panelu. Ob\u011b jednotky jsou spojeny karot\u00e1\u017en\u00edm kabelem<\/em>.<\/p><p><em>Metoda b\u00fdv\u00e1 v\u00fdhodn\u011b aplikov\u00e1na p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v r\u00e1mci rudn\u00ed prospekce a v oblastech s v\u00fdskytem sloj\u00ed hodnotn\u00e9ho \u010dern\u00e9ho uhl\u00ed<\/em>\u00a0(Posp\u00ed\u0161il\u00a0<sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"27\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614\"><a role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614-27\">27<\/a><\/sup>)<em>.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-169e664 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"169e664\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kartor\u00e1\u017en\u00ed metody \u2013 M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch vlastnost\u00ed kapalin<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4746a6a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4746a6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Do t\u00e9to skupiny metod b\u00fdvaj\u00ed krom\u011b termometrie ( TM ), rezistivimetrie ( RM ) a fotometrie ( FM ), \u0159azeny i metody, kter\u00e9 se zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed bodov\u00fdm nebo plynul\u00fdm m\u011b\u0159en\u00edm vertik\u00e1ln\u00edch rychlost\u00ed kapalin ve vrtu, pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u00fdm m\u011b\u0159en\u00edm hustoty kapalin, a v t\u011b\u017eebn\u00edch vrtech tak\u00e9 pod\u00edlu ropa \u2013 voda<\/em>.<\/p><p><strong><em>Termometrie\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>\u2013 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed teploty kapaliny, kter\u00e1 se ve vrtu pohybuje (zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed geotermick\u00e9ho gradientu a jeho zm\u011bny nap\u0159 v z\u00e1vislosti na litologii hornin; kontrola proveden\u00fdch t\u011bsn\u00edc\u00edch prac\u00ed ve vrtu).<\/p><p><strong><em>Rezistivimetrie<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 m\u011b\u0159\u00ed elektrick\u00fd odpor kapaliny ve vrtu; pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se ke stanoveni m\u011brn\u00e9ho odporu hornin, i ke stanoven\u00ed m\u011brn\u00e9ho odporu filtr\u00e1tu v\u00fdplachu.<em>\u00a0V pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdch vrtech na ropu se uplat\u0148uje v r\u00e1mci vrtn\u00e9ho procesu nap\u0159. i na identifikaci m\u00edst, v nich\u017e do\u0161lo k poru\u0161en\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 z pa\u017enicov\u00fdch kolon<\/em>.<\/p><p><strong><em>Fotometrie<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<em>se uplat\u0148uje jak v r\u00e1mci pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdch prac\u00edch hydrogeologick\u00e9ho charakteru, tak i p\u0159i realizaci vrtn\u00edch prac\u00ed v r\u00e1mci pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti na naftu a plyn. P\u0159i realizaci pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdch prac\u00edch hydrogeologick\u00e9ho charakteru, umo\u017e\u0148uje z\u00edsk\u00e1vat nap\u0159. informace o tom, do jak\u00e9 m\u00edry byl v z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9 f\u00e1zi \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed hydrogeologick\u00e9 problematiky (nap\u0159. p\u0159i vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed vhodn\u00fdch vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f) vrt vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn od j\u00edlov\u00e9ho v\u00fdplachu, resp. od jin\u00fdch kalov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edm\u011bs\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako za \u00fa\u010delem stanoven\u00ed vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed rychlosti pohybu kapaliny ve vrtu, a\u0165 se ji\u017e jedn\u00e1 o um\u011ble vyvolan\u00fd, nebo p\u0159irozen\u00fd pohyb kapaliny\u00a0<\/em>(Posp\u00ed\u0161il\u00a0<sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"28\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614\"><a role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614-28\">28<\/a><\/sup>).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54808b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"54808b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kartor\u00e1\u017en\u00ed metody \u2013 Metody zji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed technick\u00fd stav vrtu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5f2a76 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b5f2a76\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mezi metody zji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed technick\u00fd stav vrtu dle [13] pat\u0159\u00ed uveden\u00e9 fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed vlastnosti kapalin (viz p\u0159edchoz\u00ed odstavce) nebo geometrick\u00e1 parametr vrtu: v r\u00e1mci t\u00e9to \u010dinnosti b\u00fdv\u00e1 nej\u010dast\u011bji aplikov\u00e1na kavernometrie ( KM ), profilometrie , inklinometrie ( TIM ) a stratametrie ( SM ).<\/p><p><strong><em>Kavernometrie a profilometrie<\/em><\/strong><em>\u00a0n\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed mezi metody, kter\u00e9 jsou pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny na zji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00e9ho pr\u016fm\u011bru vrtu a formy jeho \u0159ezu v rovin kolm\u00e9 na osu vrtu<\/em>.<\/p><p><em><strong>Inklinometrie<\/strong>\u00a0je pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na na m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed odklonu vrtu od svislice a na m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed sm\u011bru tohoto odklonu<\/em>\u00a0(Posp\u00ed\u0161il\u00a0<sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"29\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614\"><a role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000006b72eabd0000000039296649_1614-29\">29<\/a><\/sup>).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c8cd050 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c8cd050\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Seismologie v m\u00e9di\u00edch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-861ec57 elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"861ec57\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/youtu.be\\\/tL9Xvv-jquU&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Geofyzika \u010cl\u00e1nek Geofyzika je pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed k \u0159ad\u011b \u010dl\u00e1k\u016f o fyzice pro in\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00e9 a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed obory, jako je: Termodynamika a bezpe\u010dnost [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[197],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1286","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-security-research"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1286","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1286"}],"version-history":[{"count":21,"href":"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1286\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2941,"href":"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1286\/revisions\/2941"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1286"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1286"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kint.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1286"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}